PERCEPCIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL Y LOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA
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ene 13, 2025
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v13i1.23651
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Mónica Lizbeth Bautista Rodríguez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-4858
Rosalinda Guadarrama Guadarrama
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-3787
Marcela Veytia-López
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-6504
Bárbara de los Ángeles Pérez Pedraza
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-3814
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-4858
Rosalinda Guadarrama Guadarrama
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-3787
Marcela Veytia-López
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-6504
Bárbara de los Ángeles Pérez Pedraza
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-3814
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es una herramienta bastante efectiva a nivel poblacional. Por lo que, se han validado diversos instrumentos basados en él, como las siluetas corporales y el autorreporte; lo que permite obtener el IMC aún sin las mediciones de peso y estatura. La percepción errónea del IMC puede llevar a comportamientos no saludables, como dietas extremas. Por lo que, la educación sobre la imagen corporal realista y los hábitos saludables son necesarios para prevenir problemas de salud. Objetivo: conocer la asociación de la percepción del índice de masa corporal y los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física. Métodos: estudio analítico, transversal con una muestra de tipo intencional. Se trabajó con 448 adultos residentes de Toluca, México. Se aplicó el cuestionario autocompletado de hábitos alimentarios y para el autorreporte de IMC se utilizaron: las siluetas corporales y el IMC autorreportado. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes presentaron sobrepeso según el IMC por siluetas corporales, pero el autorreporte mostró que la mayoría estaba en normopeso y sobrepeso. La mayoría tenían hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física inadecuados. Las diferencias significativas se encontraron principalmente en los hábitos alimentarios y la dimensión de actividad física en relación al IMC por siluetas corporales y al autorreporte. Conclusión: la percepción del IMC proveniente de las siluetas corporales suele diferir con el autorreportado, especialmente en mujeres y personas con IMC elevado. Los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física suelen ser inadecuados no solo en adultos.
Article Details
Como citar
BAUTISTA RODRÍGUEZ, Mónica Lizbeth et al.
PERCEPCIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL Y LOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 28-49, ene. 2025.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/23651>. Fecha de acceso: 18 ago. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v13i1.23651.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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2. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight (2021). Disponible en: https://
www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
3. Bautista RM, Guadarrama GR, Veytia LM. Prevalence of obesity according to
the following indicators: body fat percentage, body mass index and waist
circumference. Nut clin y diet hosp. 2020;40(3). DOI: 10.12873/403bautista
4. Marcondelli P, Thomaz D, Freitas E, Li S, Helena T, Da M, et al. Validity of
self-reported weight, height and body mass index in the adult population
of Brasília. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013;16(1):157-69. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-
790X2013000100015
5. Skeie G, Mode N, Henningsen M, Borch KB. Validity of self-reported body
mass index among middle-aged participants in the Norwegian Women and
Cancer study. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:313-323. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S83839
6. Osuna-Ramírez I, Hernández-Prado B, Campuzano JC, Salmerón J. Body
mass index and perception of body image in a Mexican adult population:
the accuracy of self-reporting. Salud Publica Mex. 2006;48(2):94-103. DOI:
10.1590/S0036-36342006000200003
7. Mill-Ferreyra E, Cameno-Carrillo V, Saúl-Gordo H, Camí-Lavado MC. Estimation
of body mass index based on brachial circumference, for patients with
permanent or transient disability. SEMERGEN. 2017;44(5):304-309. DOI:
10.1016/j.semerg.2017.08.002
8. Martínez-Torres J, Lee BI, Mendoza L, Mariotta S, López EY, Martínez Y,
et al. Concordance between self-reported weight and height for nutritional
assessment in a population aged 25 to 50 years without higher education.
Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(5):1039-1043. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.5.7746
9. Unikel-Santoncini C, Ocampo- Ortega R, Zambrano-Ruíz J. Accuracy of
self-reported weight and height in women aged 15 to 19 years in the State
of Mexico. Salud pública Méx, 2009;51(3):194-201.
10. Savane FR, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, García de la Hera M, Gimenez-Monzo D,
Gonzalez-Palacios S, Valera-Gran D, et al. Validity of self-reported weight
and height in a university population and factors associated with discrepancies
between declared and measured values. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(5):1633-
1638. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.5.6671
11. Jankauskiene R, Baceviciene M. Body Image Concerns and Body Weight
Overestimation Do Not Promote Healthy Behaviour: Evidence from Adolescents
in Lithuania. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):864.
DOI:10.3390/ijerph16050864
12. Verzijl CL, Ahlich E, Lang B, Rancourt D. Body mass index as a moderator of
the association between weight status misperception and disordered eating
behaviors. Eat Behav. 2018;30:98-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.06.008.
13. Bordeleau M, Gilbert JA, Alméras N. et al. Body image and health-related
behaviors among fitspirit participants. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1764).
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14131-7
14. Silva D, Ferriani L, Viana MC. Depression, anthropometric parameters, and
body image in adults: a systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras.2019;65(5).
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.731
15. De la Cruz YE, Abril-Uloa V, Arévalo PC, Palacio RM. Underestimation of
body mass index through self-perception of body image in overweight and
obese subjects. Arch Venez Farmacol Ter. 2018;37(3):235-240. http://saber.
ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_aavft/article/view/15631
16. Uribe-Carvajal R, Jiménez-Aguilar A, Morales-Ruan MC, Salazar-Coronel AA,
Shamah-Levy T. Perception of body weight and the likelihood of developing
obesity in Mexican adults. Salud Pública Mex. 2018;60(3):254-262. https://
www.scielosp.org/pdf/spm/2018.v60n3/254-262
17. Salazar-Barajas ME, Salazar-González BC, Ávila-Alpirez H, Guerra OJ, Ruíz
CJ, Durán-Badillo, T. Dietary habits and physical activity in chronically ill older
adults. Cienc Enferm. 2020;26(23). DOI: 10.29393/CE26-16HAME60016
18. Barriguete MJ, Vega LS, Radilla VC, Barquera CS, Hernández NL, Rojo-Moreno
L, et al. Eating habits, physical activity and lifestyles in school adolescents
from Mexico City and the State of Michoacán. Revista Esp Nutr Comunitaria.
2017;23(1):39-46. DOI: 10.14642/RENC-2017.23.1.5165
19. Morales-Falo EM, Sánchez-Moreno C, Esteban A, Alburquerque JJ, Garaulet
M. Calidad de la dieta “antes y durante” un tratamiento de pérdida de peso
basado en una dieta mediterránea; terapia conductual y educación nutricional.
Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(4):980-987. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6665
20. Guajardo PE, Meza PC. Ansiedad, estrés y obesidad en una muestra de
adolescentes de México*. Rev Universitas Psychologica. 2017,16(3):1-11. DOI:
10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-3.aeom
21. Sharafi SE, Garmaroudi G, Ghafouri M, Bafghi SA, Ghafouri M, Tabesh MR,
Alizadeh Z. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with overweight
and obesity. Obesity Medicine. 2020;17:1-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100169
22. Flores VA, Macedo OG. Validation of a self-completed eating habits questionnaire
for adolescents in Jalisco, Mexico. Revista Esp Nutr Comunitaria.
2016;22(2):26-31. DOI: 10.14642/RENC.2016.22.2.5138
23. Stunkard A, Sørensen T, Schulsinger F. Use of the Danish Adoption Register
for the study of obesity and thinness. Res Publ Assoc Nerv Ment Dis.
1983;60:115-120.
24. Kaufer-Horwitz M, Martinez J, Goti-Rodríguez LM, Ávila-Rosas H. Association
between measured BMI and selfperceived body size in Mexican adults.
Ann Hum Biol 2006,33:536-545
25. Nyholm M, Gullberg B, Merlo J, Lundqvist-Persson C, Råstam L, Lindblad U. The
validity of obesity based on self-reported weight and height: Implications for
population studies. Obesity. 2007;15(1):197-208. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.536.
26. Ramos P, Moreno-Maldonado C, Moreno C, Rivera F. The Role of Body
Image in Internalizing Mental Health Problems in Spanish Adolescents: An
Analysis According to Sex, Age, and Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol.
2019;10:1952. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01952
27. Guadarrama-Guadarrama R, Hernández-Navor JC, Veytia-López M. “How I perceive
myself and how I would like to be”: A study on adolescent body image.
Rev Psicol Clín Niños Adolesc. 2018;5(1):37–43. DOI: 10.21134/rpcna.2018.05.1.5
28. Kling J, Kwakkenbos L, Diedrichs PC, Rumsey N, Frisén A, Brandão MP, et al.
Systematic review of body image measures. Body Image. 2019;30:170-211.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.006.
29. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and
lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med.
2011;23,364(25):2392-404. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014296
30. Denova-Gutiérrez E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Flores M, Macías N, Rodríguez-
Ramírez S, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with different indexes
of adiposity and obesity in an urban Mexican population. J Nutr.
2011;141(5):921-927. DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.132332
31. Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Batis C, Lutter CK, Rivera JA. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Are the Main Sources of Added Sugar Intake in the Mexican Population.
J Nutr. 2016;146(9):1888S-96S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220301
32. Herman CP. The social facilitation of eating. A review. Appetite. 2015;86:61-
73. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.016
33. Medina C, Barquera S, Janssen I. Physical inactivity prevalence and trends
among Mexican adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey
(ENSANUT) 2006 and 2012. Salud Publica Méx. 2019;61(4):427-435
of Havana, Cuba: Age and sex differences. Elsevier Nutr 2009;(29):33-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.07.007
2. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight (2021). Disponible en: https://
www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
3. Bautista RM, Guadarrama GR, Veytia LM. Prevalence of obesity according to
the following indicators: body fat percentage, body mass index and waist
circumference. Nut clin y diet hosp. 2020;40(3). DOI: 10.12873/403bautista
4. Marcondelli P, Thomaz D, Freitas E, Li S, Helena T, Da M, et al. Validity of
self-reported weight, height and body mass index in the adult population
of Brasília. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013;16(1):157-69. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-
790X2013000100015
5. Skeie G, Mode N, Henningsen M, Borch KB. Validity of self-reported body
mass index among middle-aged participants in the Norwegian Women and
Cancer study. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:313-323. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S83839
6. Osuna-Ramírez I, Hernández-Prado B, Campuzano JC, Salmerón J. Body
mass index and perception of body image in a Mexican adult population:
the accuracy of self-reporting. Salud Publica Mex. 2006;48(2):94-103. DOI:
10.1590/S0036-36342006000200003
7. Mill-Ferreyra E, Cameno-Carrillo V, Saúl-Gordo H, Camí-Lavado MC. Estimation
of body mass index based on brachial circumference, for patients with
permanent or transient disability. SEMERGEN. 2017;44(5):304-309. DOI:
10.1016/j.semerg.2017.08.002
8. Martínez-Torres J, Lee BI, Mendoza L, Mariotta S, López EY, Martínez Y,
et al. Concordance between self-reported weight and height for nutritional
assessment in a population aged 25 to 50 years without higher education.
Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(5):1039-1043. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.5.7746
9. Unikel-Santoncini C, Ocampo- Ortega R, Zambrano-Ruíz J. Accuracy of
self-reported weight and height in women aged 15 to 19 years in the State
of Mexico. Salud pública Méx, 2009;51(3):194-201.
10. Savane FR, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, García de la Hera M, Gimenez-Monzo D,
Gonzalez-Palacios S, Valera-Gran D, et al. Validity of self-reported weight
and height in a university population and factors associated with discrepancies
between declared and measured values. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(5):1633-
1638. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.5.6671
11. Jankauskiene R, Baceviciene M. Body Image Concerns and Body Weight
Overestimation Do Not Promote Healthy Behaviour: Evidence from Adolescents
in Lithuania. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):864.
DOI:10.3390/ijerph16050864
12. Verzijl CL, Ahlich E, Lang B, Rancourt D. Body mass index as a moderator of
the association between weight status misperception and disordered eating
behaviors. Eat Behav. 2018;30:98-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.06.008.
13. Bordeleau M, Gilbert JA, Alméras N. et al. Body image and health-related
behaviors among fitspirit participants. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1764).
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14131-7
14. Silva D, Ferriani L, Viana MC. Depression, anthropometric parameters, and
body image in adults: a systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras.2019;65(5).
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.731
15. De la Cruz YE, Abril-Uloa V, Arévalo PC, Palacio RM. Underestimation of
body mass index through self-perception of body image in overweight and
obese subjects. Arch Venez Farmacol Ter. 2018;37(3):235-240. http://saber.
ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_aavft/article/view/15631
16. Uribe-Carvajal R, Jiménez-Aguilar A, Morales-Ruan MC, Salazar-Coronel AA,
Shamah-Levy T. Perception of body weight and the likelihood of developing
obesity in Mexican adults. Salud Pública Mex. 2018;60(3):254-262. https://
www.scielosp.org/pdf/spm/2018.v60n3/254-262
17. Salazar-Barajas ME, Salazar-González BC, Ávila-Alpirez H, Guerra OJ, Ruíz
CJ, Durán-Badillo, T. Dietary habits and physical activity in chronically ill older
adults. Cienc Enferm. 2020;26(23). DOI: 10.29393/CE26-16HAME60016
18. Barriguete MJ, Vega LS, Radilla VC, Barquera CS, Hernández NL, Rojo-Moreno
L, et al. Eating habits, physical activity and lifestyles in school adolescents
from Mexico City and the State of Michoacán. Revista Esp Nutr Comunitaria.
2017;23(1):39-46. DOI: 10.14642/RENC-2017.23.1.5165
19. Morales-Falo EM, Sánchez-Moreno C, Esteban A, Alburquerque JJ, Garaulet
M. Calidad de la dieta “antes y durante” un tratamiento de pérdida de peso
basado en una dieta mediterránea; terapia conductual y educación nutricional.
Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(4):980-987. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6665
20. Guajardo PE, Meza PC. Ansiedad, estrés y obesidad en una muestra de
adolescentes de México*. Rev Universitas Psychologica. 2017,16(3):1-11. DOI:
10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-3.aeom
21. Sharafi SE, Garmaroudi G, Ghafouri M, Bafghi SA, Ghafouri M, Tabesh MR,
Alizadeh Z. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with overweight
and obesity. Obesity Medicine. 2020;17:1-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100169
22. Flores VA, Macedo OG. Validation of a self-completed eating habits questionnaire
for adolescents in Jalisco, Mexico. Revista Esp Nutr Comunitaria.
2016;22(2):26-31. DOI: 10.14642/RENC.2016.22.2.5138
23. Stunkard A, Sørensen T, Schulsinger F. Use of the Danish Adoption Register
for the study of obesity and thinness. Res Publ Assoc Nerv Ment Dis.
1983;60:115-120.
24. Kaufer-Horwitz M, Martinez J, Goti-Rodríguez LM, Ávila-Rosas H. Association
between measured BMI and selfperceived body size in Mexican adults.
Ann Hum Biol 2006,33:536-545
25. Nyholm M, Gullberg B, Merlo J, Lundqvist-Persson C, Råstam L, Lindblad U. The
validity of obesity based on self-reported weight and height: Implications for
population studies. Obesity. 2007;15(1):197-208. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.536.
26. Ramos P, Moreno-Maldonado C, Moreno C, Rivera F. The Role of Body
Image in Internalizing Mental Health Problems in Spanish Adolescents: An
Analysis According to Sex, Age, and Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol.
2019;10:1952. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01952
27. Guadarrama-Guadarrama R, Hernández-Navor JC, Veytia-López M. “How I perceive
myself and how I would like to be”: A study on adolescent body image.
Rev Psicol Clín Niños Adolesc. 2018;5(1):37–43. DOI: 10.21134/rpcna.2018.05.1.5
28. Kling J, Kwakkenbos L, Diedrichs PC, Rumsey N, Frisén A, Brandão MP, et al.
Systematic review of body image measures. Body Image. 2019;30:170-211.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.006.
29. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and
lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med.
2011;23,364(25):2392-404. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014296
30. Denova-Gutiérrez E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Flores M, Macías N, Rodríguez-
Ramírez S, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with different indexes
of adiposity and obesity in an urban Mexican population. J Nutr.
2011;141(5):921-927. DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.132332
31. Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Batis C, Lutter CK, Rivera JA. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Are the Main Sources of Added Sugar Intake in the Mexican Population.
J Nutr. 2016;146(9):1888S-96S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220301
32. Herman CP. The social facilitation of eating. A review. Appetite. 2015;86:61-
73. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.016
33. Medina C, Barquera S, Janssen I. Physical inactivity prevalence and trends
among Mexican adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey
(ENSANUT) 2006 and 2012. Salud Publica Méx. 2019;61(4):427-435