Alimentos funcionales adaptados a la dieta mexicana (MILPA) para la prevención del cáncer de mama.
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jul 9, 2025
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v13i2.23801
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Claudia Nelly Orozco González
Daniela Sofía Unda-Zavala
http://orcid.org/0009-0001-0684-5472
Abril Sarahí Sánchez Lázaro
http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5222-3728
Melanie S. Schulz Chávez
http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3511-5131
Andrea Olivares Flores
http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0035-5570
http://orcid.org/0009-0001-0684-5472
Abril Sarahí Sánchez Lázaro
http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5222-3728
Melanie S. Schulz Chávez
http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3511-5131
Andrea Olivares Flores
http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0035-5570
Resumen
El cáncer de mama es el tipo de cáncer más común entre mujeres. Se presenta cuando las células mamarias se multiplican de forma excesiva y sin control, formando cuerpos malignos. Existen diversos factores que contribuyen al desarrollo del cáncer de mama como antecedentes familiares, genética y estilo de vida. Si bien, avances médicos han logrado disminuir la mortalidad del cáncer de mama la morbilidad de esta enfermedad sigue en aumento, por lo que su prevención es crucial. La dieta y el estilo de vida desempeñan un papel fundamental, por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión es asociar patrones alimenticios con la enfermedad y tomar la dieta de la milpa como parte del tratamiento preventivo. En este artículo se expone la capacidad protectora de los componentes de la dieta de la milpa. Esta dieta es un modelo de alimentación basado en la cocina mexicana que tiene como centro la ingesta de alimentos de origen vegetal de la región y una menor ingesta de alimentos de origen animal. De acuerdo a sus elementos es mayormente antioxidante, por lo que podría ser un coadyuvante en la prevención del cáncer de mama.
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OROZCO GONZÁLEZ, Claudia Nelly et al.
Alimentos funcionales adaptados a la dieta mexicana (MILPA) para la prevención del cáncer de mama..
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 43-52, jul. 2025.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/23801>. Fecha de acceso: 04 dic. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v13i2.23801.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
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BakhshiP,HoJQ,ZanganehS.Sex-specificoutcomesincancertherapy: the central role of hormones. Front Med Technol. 2024; 1; 6: 1320690. DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1320690.
Kim DS, Scherer PE. Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression. Diabetes Metab J. 2021; 45 (6): 799-812. DOI: 10.4093/ dmj.2021.0077.
Steck SE, Murphy EA. Dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020; 20 (2): 125-138. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0227-4.
Friedenreich CM, Ryder-Burbidge C, McNeil J. Physical activity, obesity and sedentary behavior in cancer etiology: epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms. Mol Oncol. 2021; 15 (3): 790-800. DOI: 10.1002/1878- 0261.12772.
Brennan S.F., Cantwell M.M., Cardwell C.R., Velentzis L.S., Woodside J.V. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010; 91: 1294–1302. DOI: 10.3945/ ajcn.2009.28796.
Schwingshackl L., Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int. J. Cancer. 2014; 135: 1884–1897. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28824.
Sieri S., Chiodini P., Agnoli C., Pala V., Berrino F., Trichopoulou A., Be- netou V., Vasilopoulou E., Sánchez M.J., Chirlaque M., et al. Dietary fat intake and development of specific breast cancer subtypes. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2014; 106: 5. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju068
Schütze M, Boeing H, Pischon T, Rehm J, Kehoe T, Gmel G, Olsen A, Tjøn- neland AM, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A,. Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011; 7; 342: d1584. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d1584.
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Arikawa AY, Kaufman BC, Raatz SK, Kurzer MS. Effects of a parallel-arm randomized controlled weight loss pilot study on biological and psy- chosocial parameters of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. Pilot Feasibility Stud [Internet]. 2018. Disponible en: https://pilotfeasibi- litystudies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40814-017-0160-9
Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Donat-Vargas C, Buil-Cosiales P, Estruch R, Ros E, Corella D, Fitó M, Hu FB, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175 (11): 1752-1760. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4838.
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Grosso G, Bella F, Godos J, Sciacca S, Del Rio D, Ray S, Galvano F, Giovannucci EL. Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk. Nutr Rev. 2017; 1;75(6):405-419. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux012.
HaridassV,ZiogasA,NeuhausenSL,Anton-CulverH,OdegaardAO.Diet Quality Scores Inversely Associated with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Are Not Associated with Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the California Teachers Study. J Nutr. 2018; 1;148(11):1830-1837. doi: 10.1093/ jn/nxy187.
Godos J, Bella F, Sciacca S, Galvano F, Grosso G. Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017; 30 (3): 349-359. DOI: 10.1111/ jhn.12426.
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Biruete A, Leal-Escobar G, Espinosa-Cuevas Á, Mojica L, Kistler BM. Dieta de la Milpa: A culturally-concordant plant-based dietary pattern for Hispanic/ Latine people with chronic kidney disease. Nutrients [Internet]. 2024; 16 (5): 574. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/5/574
Godinho-Mota JCM, Martins KA, Vaz-Gonçalves L, Mota JF, Soares LR, Fre- itas-Junior R. Visceral adiposity increases the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Nutr Hosp. 2018; 10; 35 (3): 576-581. DOI: 10.20960/nh.1441.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2019. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2019. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.org/con- tent/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-can- cer-facts-and-figures/2019/cancer-facts-and-figures-2019.pdf
Cronin KA, Lake AJ, Scott S, Sherman RL, Noone A, Howlader N, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, part I: National cancer statistics. Cancer. 22 de julio de 2018. 124 (13): 2785–800. Dispo- nible en: https://seer.cancer.gov/report_to_nation/
Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, Budny A, Surdyka D, Kukiełka-Budny B et al. Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Envi- ron Med. 2017; 24 (4): 549-53. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.26444/ aaem/75943
Grotto D, Zied E. The Standard American Diet and its relationship to the health status of Americans. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010; 25 (6): 603–12. DOI: 10.1177/0884533610386234
Cáncer de mama [Internet]. Who.int. Disponible en: https://www.who. int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
Sistema. Cancer de mama - SEOM: Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica [Internet]. Seom.org. 2023. Disponible en: https://seom.org/in- fo-sobre-el-cancer/cancer-de-mama?start=0
Del Seguro Social IM. Epidemiología del cáncer de mama [Internet]. gob.mx. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/imss/articulos/epidemiolo- gia-del-cancer-de-mama-318014
Caballero SCS. Coordinación de Comunicación Social - Cáncer de mama ha tenido un incremento constante en México, advierten en el Senado de la República [Internet]. Gob.mx. 2023. Disponible en: https://comu- nicacionsocial.senado.gob.mx/informacion/comunicados/7896-can- cer-de-mama-ha-tenido-un-incremento-constante-en-mexico-advier- ten-en-el-senado-de-la-republica
Milk Zoft. Consenso de Cáncer Mamario - México [Internet]. Consenso- cancermamario.com. [cited 2024 May 26]. Available from: http://www. consensocancermamario.com/
López-PlazaB,BermejoLM,Loria-KohenV,Fernández-CruzE,López-Pla- za B, Bermejo LM, et al. Nutrition in breast cancer genesis. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2023 [citado el 17 de mayo de 2024]; 40 (SPE2): 37–40. Disponible en: https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/articles/04953/show
Buist DSM, Abraham L, Lee CI, Lee JM, Lehman C, O’Meara ES, Stout NK, Henderson LM, Hill D, Wernli KJ, Haas JS, Tosteson ANA, Kerlikows- ke K, Onega T; Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Breast Biopsy Intensity and Findings Following Breast Cancer Screening in Women With and Without a Personal History of Breast Cancer. JAMA Intern Med. 2018; 1; 178 (4): 458-468. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8549.
Sun YS, Zhao Z, Yang ZN, Xu F, Lu HJ, Zhu ZY, Shi W, Jiang J, Yao PP, Zhu HP. Risk Factors and Preventions of Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2017; DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21635
Li MR, Liu MZ, Ge YQ, Zhou Y, Wei W. Assistance by Routine CT Features Combined With 3D Texture Analysis in the Diagnosis of BRCA Gene Mutation Status in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol. 2021; 26; 11: 696780. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696780.
Thigpen D, Kappler A, Brem R. Response to Comment on Thigpen D. et al. The Role of Ultrasound in Screening Dense Breasts-A Review of the Literature and Practical Solutions for Implementation. Diagnostics 2018, 8, 20. Diagnostics (Basel). 2018; 24; 8 (2): 38. DOI: 10.3390/diag- nostics8020038.
Vatankhah H, Khalili P, Vatanparast M, Ayoobi F, Esmaeili-Nadimi A, Jamali Z. Prevalence of early and late menopause and its determinants in Rafsanjan cohort study. Sci Rep. 2023; 1; 13 (1): 1847. DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-023-28526-y
Garnæs KK, Elvebakk T, Salvesen Ø, Stafne SN, Mørkved S, Salvesen KÅ, Moholdt T. Dietary Intake in Early Pregnancy and Glycemia in Late Pregnan- cy among Women with Obesity. Nutrients. 2021; 27; 14 (1): 105. DOI: 10.3390/ nu14010105.
BakhshiP,HoJQ,ZanganehS.Sex-specificoutcomesincancertherapy: the central role of hormones. Front Med Technol. 2024; 1; 6: 1320690. DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1320690.
Kim DS, Scherer PE. Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression. Diabetes Metab J. 2021; 45 (6): 799-812. DOI: 10.4093/ dmj.2021.0077.
Steck SE, Murphy EA. Dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020; 20 (2): 125-138. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0227-4.
Friedenreich CM, Ryder-Burbidge C, McNeil J. Physical activity, obesity and sedentary behavior in cancer etiology: epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms. Mol Oncol. 2021; 15 (3): 790-800. DOI: 10.1002/1878- 0261.12772.
Brennan S.F., Cantwell M.M., Cardwell C.R., Velentzis L.S., Woodside J.V. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010; 91: 1294–1302. DOI: 10.3945/ ajcn.2009.28796.
Schwingshackl L., Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int. J. Cancer. 2014; 135: 1884–1897. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28824.
Sieri S., Chiodini P., Agnoli C., Pala V., Berrino F., Trichopoulou A., Be- netou V., Vasilopoulou E., Sánchez M.J., Chirlaque M., et al. Dietary fat intake and development of specific breast cancer subtypes. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2014; 106: 5. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju068
Schütze M, Boeing H, Pischon T, Rehm J, Kehoe T, Gmel G, Olsen A, Tjøn- neland AM, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A,. Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011; 7; 342: d1584. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d1584.
González-Palacios Torres C, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Muñoz-Bravo C, Toledo E, Dierssen T, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer: An umbrella review. Clin Nutr. 2023; 42 (4): 600-608. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.012.
Buja A, Pierbon M, Lago L, Grotto G, Baldo V. Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 1; 17 (13): 4731. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134731.
Arikawa AY, Kaufman BC, Raatz SK, Kurzer MS. Effects of a parallel-arm randomized controlled weight loss pilot study on biological and psy- chosocial parameters of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. Pilot Feasibility Stud [Internet]. 2018. Disponible en: https://pilotfeasibi- litystudies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40814-017-0160-9
Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Donat-Vargas C, Buil-Cosiales P, Estruch R, Ros E, Corella D, Fitó M, Hu FB, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175 (11): 1752-1760. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4838.
Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, Ke Y, Cheng J, Xie Y, Chu W, Cheung P, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2019; 29; 21 (1): 16. doi: 10.1186/ s13058-019-1096-1.
Grosso G, Bella F, Godos J, Sciacca S, Del Rio D, Ray S, Galvano F, Giovannucci EL. Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk. Nutr Rev. 2017; 1;75(6):405-419. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux012.
HaridassV,ZiogasA,NeuhausenSL,Anton-CulverH,OdegaardAO.Diet Quality Scores Inversely Associated with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Are Not Associated with Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the California Teachers Study. J Nutr. 2018; 1;148(11):1830-1837. doi: 10.1093/ jn/nxy187.
Godos J, Bella F, Sciacca S, Galvano F, Grosso G. Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017; 30 (3): 349-359. DOI: 10.1111/ jhn.12426.
Potter J, Brown L, Williams RL, Byles J, Collins CE. Diet Quality and Cancer Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 5; 17 (7): 1052. DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071052.
Almaguer JA, García HJ, Padilla M, González M. La Dieta de La Milpa Mo- delo de Alimentación Mesoamericana Biocompatible [Internet]. www. gob.mx. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/ file/98453/La_Dieta_de_la_Milpa.pdf
Pérez Lizaur A B, Marván Laborde L. Manual de dietas normales y terapéuti- cas. Los alimentos en la salud y la enfermedad. 5a edición. Ediciones Porrúa. México, 2022.
Biruete A, Leal-Escobar G, Espinosa-Cuevas Á, Mojica L, Kistler BM. Dieta de la Milpa: A culturally-concordant plant-based dietary pattern for Hispanic/ Latine people with chronic kidney disease. Nutrients [Internet]. 2024; 16 (5): 574. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/5/574
Godinho-Mota JCM, Martins KA, Vaz-Gonçalves L, Mota JF, Soares LR, Fre- itas-Junior R. Visceral adiposity increases the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Nutr Hosp. 2018; 10; 35 (3): 576-581. DOI: 10.20960/nh.1441.