Incidencia de la candidiasis urogenital en México
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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3186-873X
Alejandra Tavera Tapia
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-9341
José Eugenio Guerra Cárdenas
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-024X
Jaime Paz Ávila
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-3268
Erika Patricia Hernández Richard
http://orcid.org/0009-0005-3874-3277
Resumen
Resumen
Antecedentes: La candidiasis urogenital (CU) es la infección fúngica más recurrente y afecta frecuentemente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos, hospitalizados y aquellos que presentan comorbilidades. Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de la CU en la población mexicana en los dos años previos (2018-2019) y los primeros años de la pandemia (2020-2022) por COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: El diseño de este estudio fue retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se obtuvo la morbilidad de las veinte principales causas de enfermedad en México a través del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINAVE), la incidencia acumulada de la CU por entidad federativa y la incidencia por grupo de edad de la población en general del periodo 2018-2019 (previas a la pandemia) y en los primeros años de la pandemia por la COVID-19 (2020-2022). Resultados: La CU se encontró entre las veinte principales causas de enfermedad en la población femenina, principalmente entre los 20-24 y 45-49 años. Las regiones del país que mostraron un elevado porcentaje de humedad reportaron una mayor incidencia de CU.
Conclusiones. En México, la CU afecta principalmente a las mujeres entre los 20-49. Factores como la obesidad, la Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo II, inmunosupresión y la humedad ambiental promueven la aparición de la CU y otras infecciones oportunistas.
Palabras clave. Candida, Diabetes Mellitus tipo II, humedad, obesidad.
Abstract
Background: Urogenital candidiasis (UC) is the most recurrent fungal infection and frequently affects immunocompromised, hospitalized patients and those with comorbidities. Objective: to evaluate the incidence of UC in the Mexican population in the previous two years (2018-2019) and the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). Materials and Methods: The design of this study was retrospective and descriptive. The morbidity of the twenty main causes of disease in Mexico was obtained through the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE), the cumulative incidence of UC by state, and the incidence by age group of the general population from the 2018-2019 period (before the pandemic) and in the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). Results: UC was found among the twenty main causes of disease in the female population, mainly between 20-24 and 45-49 years of age. The regions of the country that showed a high percentage of humidity reported a higher incidence of UC. Conclusions: In Mexico, UC mainly affects women between 20-49. Factors such as obesity, type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM), immunosuppression, and environmental humidity promote the appearance of UC and other opportunistic infections.
Keywords: Candida, type II Diabetes Mellitus, humidity, obesity.
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