Gigantomastia y sus afectaciones físicas: una revisión
Article Sidebar
Publicado
abr 16, 2026
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##
https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.25194
Main Article Content
Resumen
La gigantomastia es el desarrollo excesivo de los tejidos glandulares y grasos de la mama. Esta entidad clínica conlleva sufrimiento físico para las mujeres afectadas. El dolor de espalda es un síntoma común; está directamente relacionado con una carga espinal mecánica constante resultante de un ángulo espinal no fisiológico y estrés mecánico. Esta revisión resume las principales características de esta condición relacionadas con su descripción, clasificación, antecedentes históricos, etiología, presentación clínica, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento quirúrgico. Entre las consecuencias de este padecimiento tenemos cambios patológicos en la postura y afectaciones más graves, como la progresión a espondilosis degenerativa y hernias discales. Es necesario considerar la evaluación por imágenes, que inicialmente podría incluir radiografías y resonancia magnética, con el objetivo de identificar cambios favorables o desfavorables en las estructuras musculoesqueléticas.
Article Details
Como citar
GONZALEZ MENDOZA, David Emmanuel; RÁBAGO-SÁNCHEZ, Paulina Patricia.
Gigantomastia y sus afectaciones físicas: una revisión.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 138-144, abr. 2026.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/25194>. Fecha de acceso: 18 ago. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.25194.
Número
Sección
Artículos de revisión
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
Cho MJ, Yang JH, Choi HG, Kim WS, Yu YB, Park KS. An idiopathic gigantomastia. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2015; 88(3): 166-9.
Sanal B, Korkmaz M, Nas OF, Can F, Hacikurt K. The effect of gigantomasty on vertebral degeneration: A computed tomography study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017; 30(5): 1031-5.
Findikcioglu K, Findikcioglu F, Bulam H, Sezgin B, Ozmen S. The impact of breast reduction surgery on the vertebral column. Ann Plast Surg. 2013; 70(6): 639-42.
Karaaslan O, Demirkiran HG, Silistreli O, Sonmez E, Bedir YK, Can M, et al. The effect of reduction mammaplasty on the vertebral column: a radiologic study. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 701391.
Jud SM, Brendle-Behnisch A, Hack CC, Preuss C, Arkudas A, Horch RE, et al. Macromastia: an economic burden? A disease cost analysis based on real-world data in Germany. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021; 303(2): 521-31.
Dafydd H, Roehl KR, Phillips LG, Dancey A, Peart F, Shokrollahi K. Redefining gigantomastia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011; 64(2): 160-3.
Wolner-Hanssen P, Palmer B, Sjoberg NO, Astedt B. Gigantomastia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1981; 60(5): 525-7.
Reisenbichler E, Hanley KZ. Developmental disorders and malformations of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019; 36(1): 11-5.
Kasielska-Trojan A DM, Strużyna J, Bugaj M, Antoszewski B. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia. Archives of Medical Science. 2022; 18(4): 1016-20.
Dancey A, Khan M, Dawson J, Peart F. Gigantomastia--a classification and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008; 61(5): 493-502.
Beischer NA, Hueston JH, Pepperell RJ. Massive hypertrophy of the breasts in pregnancy: report of 3 cases and review of the literature, 'never think you have seen everything'. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1989; 44(4): 234-43.
Lui A, Karter D, Turett G. Another case of breast hypertrophy in a patient treated with indinavir. Clin Infect Dis. 1998; 26(6): 1482.
Gentili M, Magni C, Carnovale C, Bolis M, Landonio S, Niero F, et al. Breast Hypertrophy Induced by Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Ribavirina. Breast J. 2016; 22(6): 708-9.
Troccola A, Maruccia M, Dessy LA, Onesti MG. Cortisone-induced gigantomastia during chemotherapy. G Chir. 2011; 32(5): 266-9.
Kasielska-Trojan A, Pietrusinski M, Bugaj-Tobiasz M, Struzyna J, Borowiec M, Antoszewski B. Genetic Factors of Idiopathic Gigantomastia: Clinical Implications of Aromatase and Progesterone Receptor Polymorphisms. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(3).
Govrin-Yehudain J, Kogan L, Cohen HI, Falik-Zaccai TC. Familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast. J Adolesc Health. 2004; 35(2): 151-5.
Shoma A, Elbassiony L, Amin M, Zalata K, Megahed N, Elkhiary M, et al. "Gestational gigantomastia": a review article and case presentation of a new surgical management option. Surg Innov. 2011; 18(1): 94-101.
Lanzon AE, Navarra SV. Gigantomastia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated by reduction mammoplasty. Lupus. 2009; 18(14): 1309-12.
Turkan H, Gokgoz MS, Tasdelen I, Dundar HZ. Gestational Gigantomastia. J Breast Health. 2016; 12(2): 86-7.
Kasielska-Trojan A, Danilewicz M, Sitek A, Antoszewski B. Body size measurements, digit ratio (2D:4D) and oestrogen and progesterone receptors' expressions in juvenile gigantomastia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 33(3): 403-8.
Flote VG, Furberg AS, McTiernan A, Frydenberg H, Ursin G, Iversen A, et al. Gene variations in oestrogen pathways, CYP19A1, daily 17beta-estradiol and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res. 2014; 16(6): 499.
Zehra U, Robson-Brown K, Adams MA, Dolan P. Porosity and Thickness of the Vertebral Endplate Depend on Local Mechanical Loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015; 40(15): 1173-80.
Brown KR, Pollintine P, Adams MA. Biomechanical implications of degenerative joint disease in the apophyseal joints of human thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008; 136(3): 318-26.
Papanastasiou C, Ouellet JA, Lessard L. The Effects of Breast Reduction on Back Pain and Spine Measurements: A Systematic Review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019; 7(8): e2324.
Cano SJ, Klassen AF, Scott AM, Cordeiro PG, Pusic AL. The BREAST-Q: further validation in independent clinical samples. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 129(2): 293-302.
Ayhan S, Basterzi Y, Yavuzer R, Latifoglu O, Cenetoglu S, Atabay K, et al. Histologic profiles of breast reduction specimens. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002; 26(3): 203-5.
Adams MA, Lama P, Zehra U, Dolan P. Why do some intervertebral discs degenerate, when others (in the same spine) do not? Clin Anat. 2015; 28(2): 195-204.
Freemont AJ. The cellular pathobiology of the degenerate intervertebral disc and discogenic back pain. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009; 48(1): 5-10.
Sachs D, Szymanski KD. Breast Reduction. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL). 2022.
Nicoletti G, Passaro I, Malovini A, Faga A, Toffola ED. Objective integrated assessment of functional outcomes in reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2013; 1(7): e61.
Sahin I, Iskender S, Ozturk S, Balaban B, Isik S. Evaluation of breast reduction surgery effect on body posture and gait pattern using three-dimensional gait analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013; 37(3): 549-53.
Foreman KB, Dibble LE, Droge J, Carson R, Rockwell WB. The impact of breast reduction surgery on low-back compressive forces and function in individuals with macromastia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009; 124(5): 1393-9.
Ducic I, Iorio ML, Al-Attar A. Chronic headaches/migraines: extending indications for breast reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010; 125(1): 44-9.
Freire M, Neto MS, Garcia EB, Quaresma MR, Ferreira LM. Functional capacity and postural pain outcomes after reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 119(4): 1149-56.
Benditte-Klepetko H, Leisser V, Paternostro-Sluga T, Rakos M, Trattnig S, Helbich T, et al. Hypertrophy of the breast: a problem of beauty or health? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007; 16(7): 1062-9.
Findikcioglu K, Findikcioglu F, Ozmen S, Guclu T. The impact of breast size on the vertebral column: a radiologic study. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007; 31(1): 23-7.
Mian S, Dyson E, Ulbricht C. Reduction mammoplasty and back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2020; 29(3): 497-502.
Sa PO, Porto NRS, Carvalho VF, Netto JM, Paggiaro AO. The Effect of Reduction Mammaplasty on Body Posture: A Preliminary Study. Plast Surg Nurs. 2020; 40(1): 29-34.
Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines. London. 2020.
Breiting LB, Henriksen TF, Kalialis LV, Gramkow C, Hoyer AP. A prospective study of short- and long-term cosmetic outcome after reduction mammaplasty from three different perspectives: the patient, a department surgeon, and an independent private practitioner in plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 130(2): 273-81.
Sanal B, Korkmaz M, Nas OF, Can F, Hacikurt K. The effect of gigantomasty on vertebral degeneration: A computed tomography study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017; 30(5): 1031-5.
Findikcioglu K, Findikcioglu F, Bulam H, Sezgin B, Ozmen S. The impact of breast reduction surgery on the vertebral column. Ann Plast Surg. 2013; 70(6): 639-42.
Karaaslan O, Demirkiran HG, Silistreli O, Sonmez E, Bedir YK, Can M, et al. The effect of reduction mammaplasty on the vertebral column: a radiologic study. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 701391.
Jud SM, Brendle-Behnisch A, Hack CC, Preuss C, Arkudas A, Horch RE, et al. Macromastia: an economic burden? A disease cost analysis based on real-world data in Germany. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021; 303(2): 521-31.
Dafydd H, Roehl KR, Phillips LG, Dancey A, Peart F, Shokrollahi K. Redefining gigantomastia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011; 64(2): 160-3.
Wolner-Hanssen P, Palmer B, Sjoberg NO, Astedt B. Gigantomastia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1981; 60(5): 525-7.
Reisenbichler E, Hanley KZ. Developmental disorders and malformations of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019; 36(1): 11-5.
Kasielska-Trojan A DM, Strużyna J, Bugaj M, Antoszewski B. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia. Archives of Medical Science. 2022; 18(4): 1016-20.
Dancey A, Khan M, Dawson J, Peart F. Gigantomastia--a classification and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008; 61(5): 493-502.
Beischer NA, Hueston JH, Pepperell RJ. Massive hypertrophy of the breasts in pregnancy: report of 3 cases and review of the literature, 'never think you have seen everything'. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1989; 44(4): 234-43.
Lui A, Karter D, Turett G. Another case of breast hypertrophy in a patient treated with indinavir. Clin Infect Dis. 1998; 26(6): 1482.
Gentili M, Magni C, Carnovale C, Bolis M, Landonio S, Niero F, et al. Breast Hypertrophy Induced by Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Ribavirina. Breast J. 2016; 22(6): 708-9.
Troccola A, Maruccia M, Dessy LA, Onesti MG. Cortisone-induced gigantomastia during chemotherapy. G Chir. 2011; 32(5): 266-9.
Kasielska-Trojan A, Pietrusinski M, Bugaj-Tobiasz M, Struzyna J, Borowiec M, Antoszewski B. Genetic Factors of Idiopathic Gigantomastia: Clinical Implications of Aromatase and Progesterone Receptor Polymorphisms. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(3).
Govrin-Yehudain J, Kogan L, Cohen HI, Falik-Zaccai TC. Familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast. J Adolesc Health. 2004; 35(2): 151-5.
Shoma A, Elbassiony L, Amin M, Zalata K, Megahed N, Elkhiary M, et al. "Gestational gigantomastia": a review article and case presentation of a new surgical management option. Surg Innov. 2011; 18(1): 94-101.
Lanzon AE, Navarra SV. Gigantomastia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated by reduction mammoplasty. Lupus. 2009; 18(14): 1309-12.
Turkan H, Gokgoz MS, Tasdelen I, Dundar HZ. Gestational Gigantomastia. J Breast Health. 2016; 12(2): 86-7.
Kasielska-Trojan A, Danilewicz M, Sitek A, Antoszewski B. Body size measurements, digit ratio (2D:4D) and oestrogen and progesterone receptors' expressions in juvenile gigantomastia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 33(3): 403-8.
Flote VG, Furberg AS, McTiernan A, Frydenberg H, Ursin G, Iversen A, et al. Gene variations in oestrogen pathways, CYP19A1, daily 17beta-estradiol and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res. 2014; 16(6): 499.
Zehra U, Robson-Brown K, Adams MA, Dolan P. Porosity and Thickness of the Vertebral Endplate Depend on Local Mechanical Loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015; 40(15): 1173-80.
Brown KR, Pollintine P, Adams MA. Biomechanical implications of degenerative joint disease in the apophyseal joints of human thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008; 136(3): 318-26.
Papanastasiou C, Ouellet JA, Lessard L. The Effects of Breast Reduction on Back Pain and Spine Measurements: A Systematic Review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019; 7(8): e2324.
Cano SJ, Klassen AF, Scott AM, Cordeiro PG, Pusic AL. The BREAST-Q: further validation in independent clinical samples. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 129(2): 293-302.
Ayhan S, Basterzi Y, Yavuzer R, Latifoglu O, Cenetoglu S, Atabay K, et al. Histologic profiles of breast reduction specimens. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002; 26(3): 203-5.
Adams MA, Lama P, Zehra U, Dolan P. Why do some intervertebral discs degenerate, when others (in the same spine) do not? Clin Anat. 2015; 28(2): 195-204.
Freemont AJ. The cellular pathobiology of the degenerate intervertebral disc and discogenic back pain. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009; 48(1): 5-10.
Sachs D, Szymanski KD. Breast Reduction. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL). 2022.
Nicoletti G, Passaro I, Malovini A, Faga A, Toffola ED. Objective integrated assessment of functional outcomes in reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2013; 1(7): e61.
Sahin I, Iskender S, Ozturk S, Balaban B, Isik S. Evaluation of breast reduction surgery effect on body posture and gait pattern using three-dimensional gait analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013; 37(3): 549-53.
Foreman KB, Dibble LE, Droge J, Carson R, Rockwell WB. The impact of breast reduction surgery on low-back compressive forces and function in individuals with macromastia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009; 124(5): 1393-9.
Ducic I, Iorio ML, Al-Attar A. Chronic headaches/migraines: extending indications for breast reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010; 125(1): 44-9.
Freire M, Neto MS, Garcia EB, Quaresma MR, Ferreira LM. Functional capacity and postural pain outcomes after reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 119(4): 1149-56.
Benditte-Klepetko H, Leisser V, Paternostro-Sluga T, Rakos M, Trattnig S, Helbich T, et al. Hypertrophy of the breast: a problem of beauty or health? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007; 16(7): 1062-9.
Findikcioglu K, Findikcioglu F, Ozmen S, Guclu T. The impact of breast size on the vertebral column: a radiologic study. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007; 31(1): 23-7.
Mian S, Dyson E, Ulbricht C. Reduction mammoplasty and back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2020; 29(3): 497-502.
Sa PO, Porto NRS, Carvalho VF, Netto JM, Paggiaro AO. The Effect of Reduction Mammaplasty on Body Posture: A Preliminary Study. Plast Surg Nurs. 2020; 40(1): 29-34.
Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines. London. 2020.
Breiting LB, Henriksen TF, Kalialis LV, Gramkow C, Hoyer AP. A prospective study of short- and long-term cosmetic outcome after reduction mammaplasty from three different perspectives: the patient, a department surgeon, and an independent private practitioner in plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 130(2): 273-81.