Moléculas antivirulencia contra patógenos fúngicos como alternativa terapéutica a las infecciones fúngicas resistentes a los antimicrobianos
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oct 9, 2026
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i2.26248
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Orlando Flores-Maldoando
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-9881
Rogelio de J. Treviño-Rangel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6556
Rocio Alvarado-Cortes
http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3834-0277
Stephanie Prado-Martínez
http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7367-764X
Ana Laura Ríos-López
http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8539-7361
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-9881
Rogelio de J. Treviño-Rangel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6556
Rocio Alvarado-Cortes
http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3834-0277
Stephanie Prado-Martínez
http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7367-764X
Ana Laura Ríos-López
http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8539-7361
Resumen
Las infecciones fúngicas se han convertido en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial en las últimas décadas, principalmente debido a la aparición y propagación de patógenos fúngicos resistentes a los fármacos antifúngicos; se les atribuye 1,27 millones de muertes al año. Por ello, la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas es crucial. Los factores de virulencia de los hongos patógenos son mediadores esenciales en el establecimiento, invasión y propagación de las micosis, por lo que el bloquear o inhibir a los factores de virulencia se convierte en un objetivo terapéutico. En los últimos años, el desarrollo de fármacos antivirulencia ha suscitado un creciente interés científico. Estas moléculas tienen la capacidad de inhibir la producción de uno o más factores de virulencia de los patógenos, atenuando su patogenicidad e infectividad, lo que las convierte en una terapia prometedora. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los fármacos antivirulencia reportados contra patógenos fúngicos de prioridad clínica por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
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FLORES-MALDOANDO, Orlando et al.
Moléculas antivirulencia contra patógenos fúngicos como alternativa terapéutica a las infecciones fúngicas resistentes a los antimicrobianos.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 42-49, oct. 2026.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/26248>. Fecha de acceso: 13 oct. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i2.26248.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
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Siscar-Lewin S, Hube B, Brunke S. Emergence and evolution of virulence in human pathogenic fungi [Internet]. Trends Microbiol. 2022; 30(7): 693-704. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.013.
Dehbanipour R, Ghalavand Z. Anti-virulence therapeutic strategies against bacterial infections: recent advances [Internet]. Germs. 2022; 12(2): 262-275. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1328. Fecha de consulta: 22/02/2025.
Mudgil U, Khullar L, Chadha J, Harjai K. Beyond antibiotics: Emerging antivirulence strategies to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis [Internet]. Microb Pathog. 2024; 193: 106730. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106730.
Sá NP, Barros PP, Junqueira JC, Valério AD, Lino CI, Oliveira RB, Rosa CA, Johann S. Antivirulence activity and in vivo efficacy of a thiazole derivative against candidiasis [Internet]. J Mycol Med. 2021; 31(2): 101134. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101134.
Possamai-Rossatto FC, Tharmalingam N, Escobar IE, d'Azevedo PA, Zimmer KR, Mylonakis E. Antifungal Activity of the Phenolic Compounds Ellagic Acid (EA) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) against Drug-Resistant Candida auris [Internet]. J Fungi (Basel). 2021; 7(9). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090763.
Shaban S, Patel M, Ahmad A. Improved efficacy of antifungal drugs in combination with monoterpene phenols against Candida auris. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1): 1162. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58203-3.
Leite-Andrade MC, de Araújo Neto LN, Buonafina-Paz MD, de Assis Graciano dos Santos F, da Silva Alves AI, de Castro MC, Mori E, de Lacerda BC, Araújo IM, Coutinho HD, Kowalska G, Kowalski R, Baj T, Neves RP. Antifungal Effect and Inhibition of the Virulence Mechanism of D-Limonene against Candida parapsilosis [Internet]. Molecules. 2022; 27(24). Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8884.
Marinas IC, Oprea E, Gaboreanu DM, Gradisteanu G, Buleandra M, Nagoda E, Badea IA, Chifiriuc MC. Chemical and Biological Studies of Achillea setacea Herba Essential Oil-First Report on Some Antimicrobial and Antipathogenic Features [Internet]. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020371. Fecha de consulta: 26/02/2025.
Furnica DT, Dittmer S, Scharmann U, Meis Jacques F, Steinmann J, Rath PM, Kirchhoff L. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of the Imidazole Luliconazole against Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium spp [Internet]. Microbiology Spectrum. 2023; 11(3): e05130-05122. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.05130-22.
Liang X, Chen D, Wang J, Liao B, Shen J, Ye X, Wang Z, Zhu C, Gou L, Zhou X, Cheng L, Ren B, Zhou X. Artemisinins inhibit oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans through the repression on its hyphal development [Internet]. International Journal of Oral Science. 2023; 15(1): 40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-023-00245-0.
Lee JH, Kim YG, Choi P, Ham J, Park JG, Lee J. Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of 6-Gingerol and 6-Shogaol Against Candida albicans Due to Hyphal Inhibition [Internet]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2018; 8. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00299.
Prasath KG, Alexpandi R, Parasuraman R, Pavithra M, Ravi AV, Pandian SK. Anti-inflammatory potential of myristic acid and palmitic acid synergism against systemic candidiasis in Danio rerio (Zebrafish). Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 133: 111043. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111043.
Priya A, Pandian SK. Biofilm and hyphal inhibitory synergistic effects of phytoactives piperine and cinnamaldehyde against Candida albicans [Internet]. Med Mycol 2022; 60(8). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac039.
Song S, Zhao S, Sun X, Meng L, Wang Z, Tan H, Liu J, Zhang M, Deng Y. Anti-virulence strategy of diaryl chalcogenide compounds against Candida albicans infection [Internet]. Virulence. 2023; 14(1): 2265012. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2023.2265012. Fecha de consulta: 20/02/2025.
Muthamil S, Balasubramaniam B, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. Synergistic Effect of Quinic Acid Derived From Syzygium cumini and Undecanoic Acid Against Candida spp. Biofilm and Virulence [Internet]. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02835. Fecha de consulta: 20/02/2025.
Ríos-López AL, Muñiz-Bernal V, Dávila-Aviña J, González G, Treviño-Rangel R, Becerril-García M, Flores-Maldonado O. Antifungal and antivirulence activity of tannic acid against drug-resistant candida species [Internet]. Farmacia. 2024; 72(4): 946-956. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2024.4.23.
Ríos-López AL, Dávila-Aviña J, González GM, Flores-Maldonado O. Antifungal and Antivirulence Activity of Vanillin and Tannic Acid Against Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani [Internet]. Current Microbiology. 2024; 81(6): 156. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03678-w.
D'Agostino M, Tesse N, Lavergne RA, Pape PL, Bouchara JP, Frippiat JP, Machouart M, Debourgogne A. Characterisation of the antifungal effects of a plant-based compound, CIN-102, on the main septal filamentous fungi involved in human pathology [Internet]. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2021; 25: 171-180. Doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.017.
Medina-Romero YM, Rodriguez-Canales M, Rodriguez-Monroy MA, Hernandez-Hernandez AB, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, Cruz-Sanchez T, Garcia-Tovar CG, Canales-Martinez MM. Effect of the Essential Oils of Bursera morelensis and Lippia graveolens and Five Pure Compounds on the Mycelium, Spore Production, and Germination of Species of Fusarium [Internet]. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8(6). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060617.
Sheehan G, Nagl M, Kavanagh K. Exposure to N-chlorotaurine induces oxidative stress responses in Aspergillus fumigatus [Internet]. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019; 68(2): 279-288. Doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000900.
Silva BA, Souza-Gonçalves AL, Pinto MR, Barreto-Bergter E, Santos AL. Metallopeptidase inhibitors arrest vital biological processes in the fungal pathogen Scedosporium apiospermum [Internet]. Mycoses. 2009; 54(2): 105-112. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01767.x.
Rollin-Pinheiro R, Almeida YC, Rochetti VP, Xisto M, Borba-Santos LP, Rozental S, Barreto-Bergter E. Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells [Internet]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11, 698662. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.698662.
Al-Madboly LA, Abd El-Salam MA, Bastos JK, El-Shorbagy SH, El-Morsi RM. Novel Preclinical Study of Galloylquinic Acid Compounds from Copaifera lucens with Potent Antifungal Activity against Vaginal Candidiasis Induced in a Murine Model via Multitarget Modes of Action [Internet]. Microbiol Spectr. 2022; 10(5): e0272421. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02724-21.
Janeczko M, Kochanowicz E. Silymarin, a Popular Dietary Supplement Shows Anti-Candida Activity [Internet]. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019; 8(4). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040206. Fecha de consulta: 20/02/2025.
Abbas HA, Gad AI, El-Sayed MA, El-Ganiny AM. Impeding Virulence of Candida albicans by Candesartan and Domperidone [Internet]. Current Microbiology. 2021; 78(11): 3957-3967. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02663-x.
Gutierrez-Gongora D, Raouf-Alkadhimi F, Prosser RS, Geddes-McAlister J. Differentiated extracts from freshwater and terrestrial mollusks inhibit virulence factor production in Cryptococcus neoformans [Internet]. Scientific Reports 2023; 13(1): 4928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32140-3.
Kietrungruang K, Sookkree S, Sangboonruang S, Semakul N, Poomanee W, Kitidee K, Tragoolpua Y, Tragoolpua K. Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages [Internet]. Molecules. 2023; 28(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176224. Fecha de consulta: 20/02/2025.
Khan MSA, Ahmad I. In vitro antifungal, anti-elastase and anti-keratinase activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum-, Syzygium- and Cymbopogon-species against Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum [Internet]. Phytomedicine. 2011; 19(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.07.005.
Wang, Liu CC, Li YT, Li MQ, Fu YT, Li XC, Jie K, Qian WD. Antifungal and Antibiofilm In Vitro Activities of Ursolic Acid on Cryptococcus neoformans [Internet]. Current Microbiology. 2022; 79(10): 293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02992-5.
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