La PRUEBA DE SANGRE DE ANTÍGENO PROSTÁTICO ESPECÍFICO (PSA) PARA DETECTAR EL CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA
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may 31, 2023
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v11i1.20769
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Alejandro Martínez-Gómez
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-7985
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-7985
Resumen
El antígeno prostático específico (psa, acrónimo de prostate-specific antigen) es una glicoproteína producida exclusivamente por la glándula prostática que es sintetizado con el fin de licuar el semen eyaculado y permitir un medio para que los espermatozoides se movilicen libremente. El psa es abundante en el semen, no obstante, una pequeña proporción se encuentra también en la sangre, de esta manera la concentración sérica del psa ha sido utilizada como prueba para detectar precozmente el cáncer de próstata (CaP), ya que se eleva en el 65% de los casos. El psa es uno de los pocos marcadores moleculares usados de manera rutinaria para la detección, categorización del riesgo y diagnóstico de CaP. De esta forma, es necesario revisar la utilidad de la prueba sérica de psa en sangre y su éxito como marcador molecular para detectar el CaP en México.
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MARTÍNEZ-GÓMEZ, Alejandro.
La PRUEBA DE SANGRE DE ANTÍGENO PROSTÁTICO ESPECÍFICO (PSA) PARA DETECTAR EL CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 64-71, mayo 2023.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/20769>. Fecha de acceso: 18 ago. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v11i1.20769.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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2. Bergstrand CG, Czar B. Demonstration of a New Protein Fraction in Serum from the Human Fetus. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. el 1 de enero de 1956;8(2):174–174.
3. Abelev GI, Perova SD, Khramkova NI, Postnikova ZA, Irlin IS. Production of embryonal α-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas. Transplantation. abril de 1963;1(2):174–80.
4. Ablin RJ, Soanes WA, Bronson P, Witebsky E. Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate. Reproduction. el 1 de agosto de 1970;22(3):573–4.
5. Ablin RJ, Bronson P, Soanes WA, Witebsky E. Tissue- and Species-Specific Antigens of Normal Human Prostatic Tissue. J Immunol. el 1 de junio de 1970;104(6):1329–39.
6. Bast RC, Feeney M, Lazarus H, Nadler LM, Colvin RB, Knapp RC. Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest. el 1 de noviembre de 1981;68(5):1331–7.
7. Koprowski H, Herlyn M, Steplewski Z, Sears HF. Specific Antigen in Serum of Patients with Colon Carcinoma. Science. 1981;212(4490):53–5.
8. Tumor Markers in Common Use - National Cancer Institute [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 13 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-list
9. Sturgeon CM, Liotta LA. Use of tumor markers in clinical practice: quality requirements. 2008;37.
10. Diamandis EP, Yousef GM. Human Tissue Kallikreins: A Family of New Cancer Biomarkers. Clin Chem. el 1 de agosto de 2002;48(8):1198–205.
11. Tabarés G, Radcliffe CM, Barrabés S, Ramírez M, Aleixandre RN, Hoesel W, et al. Different glycan structures in prostate-specific antigen from prostate cancer sera in relation to seminal plasma PSA. Glycobiology. el 1 de febrero de 2006;16(2):132–45.
12. Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ. Biology of Prostate-Specific Antigen. J Clin Oncol. el 15 de enero de 2003;21(2):383–91.
13. Flocks RH, Urich VC, Patel CA, Opitz JM. Studies on the Antigenic Properties of Prostatic Tissue I. J Urol. julio de 1960;84(1):134–43.
14. Ablin RJ. Immunologic studies of normal, benign, and malignant human prostatic tissue. Cancer. 1972;29(6):1570–4.
15. Hara M, Koyanagi Y, Inoue T, Fukuyama T. [Some physico-chemical characteristics of “ -seminoprotein”, an antigenic component specific for human seminal plasma. Forensic immunological study of body fluids and secretion. VII]. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi Jpn J Leg Med. julio de 1971;25(4):322–4.
16. Hara M, Kimura H. Two prostate-specific antigens, γ-seminoprotein and β-microseminoprotein. J Lab Clin Med. el 1 de mayo de 1989;113(5):541–8.
17. Rao AR, Motiwala HG, Karim OMA. The discovery of prostate-specific antigen. BJU Int. 2008;101(1):5–10.
18. Tien Shun Li, Beling CG. Isolation and Characterization of Two Specific Antigens of Human Seminal Plasma**Supported by Grant 67-455 from The Ford Foundation. Fertil Steril. el 1 de febrero de 1973;24(2):134–44.
19. Sensabaugh G. Isolation and Characterization of a Semen-Specific Protein from Human Seminal Plasma: A Potential New Marker for Semen Identification [Internet]. 1978 [citado el 13 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.astm.org/jfs10659j.html
20. Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol. el 1 de septiembre de 1979;17(2):159–63.
21. Papsidero LD, Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. A Prostate Antigen in Sera of Prostatic Cancer Patients1. Cancer Res. el 1 de julio de 1980;40(7):2428–32.
22. Kuriyama M, Wang MC, Papsidero LD, Killian CS, Shimano T, Valenzuela L, et al. Quantitation of Prostate-specific Antigen in Serum by a Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay1. Cancer Res. el 1 de diciembre de 1980;40(12):4658–62.
23. Chu TM. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): The Historical Perspective. McGill J Med [Internet]. el 1 de diciembre de 2020 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022];2(2). Disponible en: https://mjm.mcgill.ca/article/view/564
24. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test - National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test. 2022 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet
25. Laffin RJ, Chan DW, Tanasijevic MJ, Fischer GA, Markus W, Miller J, et al. Hybritech Total and Free Prostate-specific Antigen Assays Developed for the Beckman Coulter Access Automated Chemiluminescent Immunoassay System: A Multicenter Evaluation of Analytical Performance. Clin Chem. el 1 de enero de 2001;47(1):129–32.
26. Catalona WJ, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Flanigan RC, et al. Selection of Optimal Prostate Specific Antigen Cutoffs for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. J Urol. el 1 de diciembre de 1994;152(6, Part 1):2037–42.
27. De Angelis G, Rittenhouse HG, Mikolajczyk SD, Blair Shamel L, Semjonow A. Twenty Years of PSA: From Prostate Antigen to Tumor Marker. Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):113–23.
28. Carroll PR, Parsons JK, Andriole G, Bahnson RR, Barocas DA, Catalona WJ, et al. Prostate cancer early detection, version 1.2014. Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN. septiembre de 2014;12(9):1211–9; quiz 1219.
29. Asgari A, Soleymani M, Hosseini Moghadam S. The Effect Of Acute Urinary Retention On Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level. el 1 de enero de 2005;2(2):89–92.
30. PSA test [Internet]. Prostate Cancer UK. 2021 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/prostate-tests/psa-test/
31. Chang SL, Harshman LC, Presti JC. Impact of Common Medications on Serum Total Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Oncol. septiembre de 2010;28(25):3951–7.
32. Canadian Cancer Society. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test [Internet]. Canadian Cancer Society. [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test
33. A. Moyer V, Force* on behalf of the USPST. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. el 17 de julio de 2012 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]; Disponible en: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459
34. Beckman PSA WHO standardization [Internet]. 2008 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf/P850048S021b.pdf
35. Stephan C. WHO standardization of PSA tests: clinical consequences. Nat Rev Urol. junio de 2009;6(6):303–5.
36. Braun K, Ulmert D, Lilja H. Molecular forms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum: clinical and analytical implications. Tumour markers Clinical Laboratory International. 2011;(25049):14–6.
37. Lilja H, Ulmert D, Vickers AJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring. Nat Rev Cancer. abril de 2008;8(4):268–78.
38. Stamey TA, Prestigiacomo AF, Chen Z. Standardization of immunoassays for prostate specific antigen. A different view based on experimental observations. Cancer. 1994;74(6):1662–6.
39. Stamey TA. Progress in standardization of immunoassays for prostate-specific antigen. Urol Clin North Am. el 1 de mayo de 1997;24(2):269–73.
40. Prostate Cancer: Early Detection Guideline - American Urological Association [Internet]. 2018 [citado el 15 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline#x2639
41. Carroll PR, Parsons JK, Andriole G, Bahnson RR, Castle EP, Catalona WJ, et al. NCCN Guidelines Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 2.2016. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. el 1 de mayo de 2016;14(5):509–19.
2. Bergstrand CG, Czar B. Demonstration of a New Protein Fraction in Serum from the Human Fetus. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. el 1 de enero de 1956;8(2):174–174.
3. Abelev GI, Perova SD, Khramkova NI, Postnikova ZA, Irlin IS. Production of embryonal α-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas. Transplantation. abril de 1963;1(2):174–80.
4. Ablin RJ, Soanes WA, Bronson P, Witebsky E. Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate. Reproduction. el 1 de agosto de 1970;22(3):573–4.
5. Ablin RJ, Bronson P, Soanes WA, Witebsky E. Tissue- and Species-Specific Antigens of Normal Human Prostatic Tissue. J Immunol. el 1 de junio de 1970;104(6):1329–39.
6. Bast RC, Feeney M, Lazarus H, Nadler LM, Colvin RB, Knapp RC. Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest. el 1 de noviembre de 1981;68(5):1331–7.
7. Koprowski H, Herlyn M, Steplewski Z, Sears HF. Specific Antigen in Serum of Patients with Colon Carcinoma. Science. 1981;212(4490):53–5.
8. Tumor Markers in Common Use - National Cancer Institute [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 13 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-list
9. Sturgeon CM, Liotta LA. Use of tumor markers in clinical practice: quality requirements. 2008;37.
10. Diamandis EP, Yousef GM. Human Tissue Kallikreins: A Family of New Cancer Biomarkers. Clin Chem. el 1 de agosto de 2002;48(8):1198–205.
11. Tabarés G, Radcliffe CM, Barrabés S, Ramírez M, Aleixandre RN, Hoesel W, et al. Different glycan structures in prostate-specific antigen from prostate cancer sera in relation to seminal plasma PSA. Glycobiology. el 1 de febrero de 2006;16(2):132–45.
12. Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ. Biology of Prostate-Specific Antigen. J Clin Oncol. el 15 de enero de 2003;21(2):383–91.
13. Flocks RH, Urich VC, Patel CA, Opitz JM. Studies on the Antigenic Properties of Prostatic Tissue I. J Urol. julio de 1960;84(1):134–43.
14. Ablin RJ. Immunologic studies of normal, benign, and malignant human prostatic tissue. Cancer. 1972;29(6):1570–4.
15. Hara M, Koyanagi Y, Inoue T, Fukuyama T. [Some physico-chemical characteristics of “ -seminoprotein”, an antigenic component specific for human seminal plasma. Forensic immunological study of body fluids and secretion. VII]. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi Jpn J Leg Med. julio de 1971;25(4):322–4.
16. Hara M, Kimura H. Two prostate-specific antigens, γ-seminoprotein and β-microseminoprotein. J Lab Clin Med. el 1 de mayo de 1989;113(5):541–8.
17. Rao AR, Motiwala HG, Karim OMA. The discovery of prostate-specific antigen. BJU Int. 2008;101(1):5–10.
18. Tien Shun Li, Beling CG. Isolation and Characterization of Two Specific Antigens of Human Seminal Plasma**Supported by Grant 67-455 from The Ford Foundation. Fertil Steril. el 1 de febrero de 1973;24(2):134–44.
19. Sensabaugh G. Isolation and Characterization of a Semen-Specific Protein from Human Seminal Plasma: A Potential New Marker for Semen Identification [Internet]. 1978 [citado el 13 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.astm.org/jfs10659j.html
20. Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol. el 1 de septiembre de 1979;17(2):159–63.
21. Papsidero LD, Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. A Prostate Antigen in Sera of Prostatic Cancer Patients1. Cancer Res. el 1 de julio de 1980;40(7):2428–32.
22. Kuriyama M, Wang MC, Papsidero LD, Killian CS, Shimano T, Valenzuela L, et al. Quantitation of Prostate-specific Antigen in Serum by a Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay1. Cancer Res. el 1 de diciembre de 1980;40(12):4658–62.
23. Chu TM. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): The Historical Perspective. McGill J Med [Internet]. el 1 de diciembre de 2020 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022];2(2). Disponible en: https://mjm.mcgill.ca/article/view/564
24. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test - National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test. 2022 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet
25. Laffin RJ, Chan DW, Tanasijevic MJ, Fischer GA, Markus W, Miller J, et al. Hybritech Total and Free Prostate-specific Antigen Assays Developed for the Beckman Coulter Access Automated Chemiluminescent Immunoassay System: A Multicenter Evaluation of Analytical Performance. Clin Chem. el 1 de enero de 2001;47(1):129–32.
26. Catalona WJ, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Flanigan RC, et al. Selection of Optimal Prostate Specific Antigen Cutoffs for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. J Urol. el 1 de diciembre de 1994;152(6, Part 1):2037–42.
27. De Angelis G, Rittenhouse HG, Mikolajczyk SD, Blair Shamel L, Semjonow A. Twenty Years of PSA: From Prostate Antigen to Tumor Marker. Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):113–23.
28. Carroll PR, Parsons JK, Andriole G, Bahnson RR, Barocas DA, Catalona WJ, et al. Prostate cancer early detection, version 1.2014. Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN. septiembre de 2014;12(9):1211–9; quiz 1219.
29. Asgari A, Soleymani M, Hosseini Moghadam S. The Effect Of Acute Urinary Retention On Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level. el 1 de enero de 2005;2(2):89–92.
30. PSA test [Internet]. Prostate Cancer UK. 2021 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/prostate-tests/psa-test/
31. Chang SL, Harshman LC, Presti JC. Impact of Common Medications on Serum Total Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Oncol. septiembre de 2010;28(25):3951–7.
32. Canadian Cancer Society. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test [Internet]. Canadian Cancer Society. [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test
33. A. Moyer V, Force* on behalf of the USPST. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. el 17 de julio de 2012 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]; Disponible en: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459
34. Beckman PSA WHO standardization [Internet]. 2008 [citado el 14 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf/P850048S021b.pdf
35. Stephan C. WHO standardization of PSA tests: clinical consequences. Nat Rev Urol. junio de 2009;6(6):303–5.
36. Braun K, Ulmert D, Lilja H. Molecular forms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum: clinical and analytical implications. Tumour markers Clinical Laboratory International. 2011;(25049):14–6.
37. Lilja H, Ulmert D, Vickers AJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring. Nat Rev Cancer. abril de 2008;8(4):268–78.
38. Stamey TA, Prestigiacomo AF, Chen Z. Standardization of immunoassays for prostate specific antigen. A different view based on experimental observations. Cancer. 1994;74(6):1662–6.
39. Stamey TA. Progress in standardization of immunoassays for prostate-specific antigen. Urol Clin North Am. el 1 de mayo de 1997;24(2):269–73.
40. Prostate Cancer: Early Detection Guideline - American Urological Association [Internet]. 2018 [citado el 15 de abril de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline#x2639
41. Carroll PR, Parsons JK, Andriole G, Bahnson RR, Castle EP, Catalona WJ, et al. NCCN Guidelines Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 2.2016. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. el 1 de mayo de 2016;14(5):509–19.