Omega 3, inflamación sistémica y su importancia en la salud materno-fetal: un enfoque integral en una revisión bibliográfica
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abr 16, 2026
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.25113
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Jose Eugenio Guerra Cárdenas
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-024X
Jaime Paz Avila, Dr.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-3268
Francisco Vazquez Nava, Dr.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-3501
Josefina Altamira Garcia, Dra.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-1437
José Roberto Reyes Flores
http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4812-9385
Eunice Amisadai Méndez Estrada
http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5696-9182
Gema Marisol Montes Montes
http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3090-3778
Ignacio Uriel Macias Paz
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1863
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-024X
Jaime Paz Avila, Dr.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-3268
Francisco Vazquez Nava, Dr.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-3501
Josefina Altamira Garcia, Dra.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-1437
José Roberto Reyes Flores
http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4812-9385
Eunice Amisadai Méndez Estrada
http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5696-9182
Gema Marisol Montes Montes
http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3090-3778
Ignacio Uriel Macias Paz
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1863
Resumen
La nutrición en una paciente embarazada debe cumplir los requisitos necesarios para la formación del feto y su conocimiento debe ser una pieza clave en la formación de un profesional de la salud, los alimentos ricos en pufa n-3 son en su mayoría de origen marino y son esenciales para algunas funciones fisiológicas, la suplementación con pufa n-3 durante el embarazo puede ofrecer beneficios al binomio madre-hijo. Este artículo integra las investigaciones más recientes sobre omega-3 en el embarazo y evidencia su acción en algunas de las patologías maternas y/o fetales más conocidas.
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GUERRA CÁRDENAS, Jose Eugenio et al.
Omega 3, inflamación sistémica y su importancia en la salud materno-fetal: un enfoque integral en una revisión bibliográfica.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 118-127, abr. 2026.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/25113>. Fecha de acceso: 18 ago. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.25113.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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Mohd Fauzy NK, Haris MS, Ibrahim A, Muhd Helmi MA, Harith S. Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on malnourished children: A scoping review. Malays J Med Health Sci [Internet]. 2023; 19(6): 285–96. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.6.38
Nevins JEH, Donovan SM, Snetselaar L, Dewey KG, Novotny R, Stang J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and lactation and child neurodevelopment: A systematic review. J Nutr [Internet]. 2021; 151(11): 3483–94. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab238
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Puca D, Estay P, Valenzuela C, Muñoz Y. Effect of omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the fatty acid composition of breast milk in the first months of life: a narrative review. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2021; 38(4): 848–70. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.03486
Christifano DN, Chollet-Hinton L, Hoyer D, Schmidt A, Gustafson KM. Intake of eggs, choline, lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA during pregnancy and their relationship to fetal neurodevelopment. Nutr Neurosci [Internet]. 2023; 26(8): 749–55. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2088944
Broś-Konopielko M, Białek A, Oleszczuk-Modzelewska L, Zaleśkiewicz B, Różańska-Walędziak A, Czajkowski K. Nutritional, anthropometric and sociodemographic factors affecting fatty acids profile of pregnant women’s serum at labour-chemometric studies. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021; 13(9): 2948. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092948
Nikolajeva K, Aizbalte O, Piskurjova A, Rezgale R, Cauce V, Začs D, et al. Fatty acid composition of a maternal diet and erythrocyte phospholipid status in Latvian pregnant women. Medicina (Kaunas) [Internet]. 2023; 59(9). Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091514
Masot O, Ochoa Herrera JJ, Paraíso Pueyo E, Roca J, Miranda J, Lavedán A. The impact of docosahexaenoic acid on maternal mental health: scoping review. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2023; 40(4): 848–57. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.04523
Ishihara T, Yoshida M, Arita M. Omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediators that control inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Int Immunol [Internet]. 2019; 31(9): 559–67. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz001
Gardner KG, Gebretsadik T, Hartman TJ, Rosa MJ, Tylavsky FA, Adgent MA, et al. Prenatal omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and childhood atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract [Internet]. 2020; 8(3): 937–44. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.09.031
Feketea G, Kostara M, Bumbacea RS, Vassilopoulou E, Tsabouri S. Vitamin D and omega-3 (fatty acid) supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of food allergy in children-literature review. Children (Basel) [Internet]. 2023; 10(3). Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10030468
Sley EG, Rosen EM, van ’t Erve TJ, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020; 15(10): e0240244. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240244
Rees G, Brough L, Orsatti GM, Lodge A, Walker S. Do micronutrient and omega-3 fatty acid supplements affect human maternal immunity during pregnancy? A scoping review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022; 14(2): 367. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020367
Liu W, Gao M, Yang S, Sun C, Bi Y, Li Y, et al. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications [Internet]. 2023; 37(4): 108451. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108451
Elshani B, Kotori V, Daci A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal insights: current use and future directions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med [Internet]. 2021; 34(1): 124–36. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1593361
Gao L, Lin L, Shan N, Ren C-Y, Long X, Sun Y-H, et al. The impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med [Internet]. 2020; 33(10): 1767–73. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1526916
Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids [Internet]. 2020; 163(102203): 102203. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203
Moltu SJ, Nordvik T, Rossholt ME, Wendel K, Chawla M, Server A, et al. Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and brain maturation in preterm infants; a double blind RCT. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2024; 43(1): 176–86. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.037
Mohammadzadeh P, Rosenberg JB, Vinding R, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Lindberg U, Følsgaard N, et al. Effects of prenatal nutrient supplementation and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at age 10: a randomised controlled trial - the COPSYCH study protocol. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022; 12(2): e047706. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047706
Chumak, T., Lecuyer, M. J., Nilsson, A. K., Faustino, J., Ardalan, M., Svedin, P., Sjöbom, U., Ek, J., Obenaus, A., Vexler,
Z. S., & Mallard, C. Maternal n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diet Commands Fatty Acid Composition in Postnatal Brain and Protects from Neonatal Arterial Focal Stroke. Translational stroke research. 2022; 13(3): 449–461. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-021-00947-9
Tahaei H, Gignac F, Pinar A, Fernandez-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Vioque J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid intake during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development: A multi-centre population-based birth cohort study in Spain. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022; 14(3): 518. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030518
Martínez R. M. Lípidos y desarrollo cerebral: importancia del ácido docosahexanoico (DHA) en el niño sano y en el enfermo con síndrome de Zellweger. Pediatrika. 2002; 22: 275-288.
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