Efecto de la alimentación y consumo de nutrientes en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática
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abr 16, 2026
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https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.26152
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Introducción: Los adolescentes enfrentan desafíos críticos en salud sexual, reproductiva (ssr) y nutrición, con consecuencias a largo plazo. La evidencia sugiere que la malnutrición, incluyendo deficiencias de micronutrientes, afecta el desarrollo puberal y la salud menstrual. Objetivo: Evaluar sistemáticamente la influencia de la alimentación y nutrientes en la ssr de adolescentes (10-19 años). Material y Métodos: Revisión bajo lineamientos prisma 2020 en PubMed, Scopus, bvs, lilacs y Google Scholar (2010-2024). Se incluyeron 12 estudios tras evaluar calidad con amstar, Newcastle-Ottawa y RoB2 (protocolo prospero: crd42024623830). Resultados: Las deficiencias de hierro, zinc y vitamina D se asociaron con alteraciones reproductivas (or=2.1-2.5), retraso puberal y complicaciones gestacionales. La suplementación con hierro/folato redujo la anemia en 30 %, y los programas educativos mejoraron conocimientos en 40 %. La inseguridad alimentaria exacerbó estos efectos (or=2.3). Discusión y Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian que la nutrición constituye un factor determinante en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes. Estos hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de implementar estrategias multisectoriales adaptadas a contextos específicos, que combinen intervenciones nutricionales, políticas públicas dirigidas e investigación continua, particularmente en poblaciones vulnerables, para promover un desarrollo adolescente óptimo.
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LIBRADO GONZÁLEZ, Natanael et al.
Efecto de la alimentación y consumo de nutrientes en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática.
Medicina e Investigación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 87-97, abr. 2026.
ISSN 2594-0600.
Disponible en: <https://medicinainvestigacion.uaemex.mx/article/view/26152>. Fecha de acceso: 18 ago. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/medicinainvestigacion.v14i1.26152.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
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Salazar Arriagada C, Zapata González F, Pérez Aros S, Rosas Ailef Y, Sierpe Aros R, Paredes Arévalo L. Revisión sobre intervenciones de enfermería exitosas en educación sexual en adolescentes [Internet]. Enferm Cuid Humaniz 2023; 12: e3278. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22235/ech.v12i2.3278
Hameed AR, Ghaffari M, Fung TT, Daneshzad E, Ghaffari M, Mousavi SH, et al. The determinants of malnutrition among adolescent girls: A Systematic Review [Internet]. bioRxiv 2023. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.10.23298360
Thokchom P, Sharma L, Sharma D, Ghangale G, Bidkar J, Tare H. The effects of nutritional deficiency during adolescence and the need for supplementation: A review [Internet]. Int J Pharm Qual Assur 2023; 14: 226–32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.14.1.39
Khan MA, Khan MN, Ilyas F, Khalid M, Abiodullah M. Impact of nutritional insufficiency on nutritional status of adolescents in low- and high-income socioeconomic groups [Internet]. Pak J Med Health Sci 2023; 17: 53–5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317253
Shamah T, Gaona EB, Cuevas L, Valenzuela DG, Morales C, Rodríguez S, et al. Sobrepeso y obesidad en población escolar y adolescente [Internet]. Salud Publica Mex 2024; 66: 404–13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21149/15842
Masabanda MC. Obesidad infantil: riesgo inminente de complicaciones a largo plazo, una revisión bibliográfica. Pol Conocim. 2022; 7(6): 1934–48.
Martínez J. Obesidad en la adolescencia. Adolescere. 2017; 5(3): 43–55.
Thong EP, Burden C. The double whammy of obesity and diabetes on female reproductive health [Internet]. Semin Reprod Med 2020; 38: 333–41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723777
Iwasa T, Noguchi H, Aoki H, Tamura K, Maeda T, Takeda A, et al. Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms [Internet]. Endocr J. 2022; 69: 1363–72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0426
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF). Urgen políticas para reducir mala nutrición en niños y adolescentes en México. [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/4-12-2020-urgen-politicas-para-reducir-mala-nutricion-ninos-adolescentes-mexico
Hubert C, Suárez-López L, de la Vara-Salazar E, Villalobos A. Salud sexual y reproductiva en población adolescente y adulta en México, 2022 [Internet]. Salud Publica Mex. 2023; 65(Supl 1): S84–S95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21149/1479
Wells JC, Sawaya AL, Wibaek R, Mwangome M, Poullas MS, Yajnik CS, et al. The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health [Internet]. Lancet 2020; 395: 75–88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32472-9
Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). La política social en el contexto de la pandemia por el virus SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) en México. [Internet]. México: CONEVAL; 2020. Disponible en: https://www.coneval.org.mx/Evaluacion/IEPSM/Documents/Politica_Social_COVID-19.pdf
Bagattini A. Children’s well-being and vulnerability [Internet]. Ethics Soc Welf. 2019; 13: 211–5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2019.1647973
Azarmi D, Omar M, Sundar Budhathoki S. Exploring the challenges in delivering sexual and reproductive healthcare in Iran [Internet]. Eur J Public Health. 2023; 33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.264
Janighorban M, Boroumandfar Z, Pourkazemi R, Mostafavi F. Barriers to vulnerable adolescent girls’ access to sexual and reproductive health [Internet]. BMC Public Health 2022; 22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14687-4
United Nations Children’s Fund. Undernourished and overlooked: A global nutrition crisis in adolescent girls and women [Internet]. United Nations; 2023. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18356/9789213626764
Góra D. Malnutrition among adolescents [Internet]. Zdr Publiczne Zarz. 2022; 20: 47-53. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.22.009.17642
Palacios OA. Promoción de la salud sexual en adolescentes y jóvenes latinoamericanos y del Caribe: una revisión panorámica [Internet]. RESPYN. 2022; 21(4): 32-4. Disponible en: https://respyn.uanl.mx/index.php/respyn/article/view/694
Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00579-1
Jacinto R, Ruiz ML. Efectividad de los programas de educación sexual y reproductiva en los adolescentes [Internet]. Horiz Sanit. 2022; 21(1): 129-35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a21n1.4025
Herrera IA, Fernández V, Sánchez LT, Rodríguez MF. Enfermería en la salud sexual y reproductiva para jóvenes y adolescentes: un desafío desde la ruralidad [Internet]. Investig Enferm Imagen Desarro. 2022; 24: 1-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ie24.essr
Orte C, Sarrablo R, Nevot L. Revisión sistemática sobre programas e intervenciones de educación afectivo-sexual para adolescentes [Internet]. REICE. 2022; 20(3). Disponible en: https://revistas.uam.es/reice/article/view/15815
Centro Nacional de Equidad de Género y Salud Reproductiva. Programa de Acción Específico Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2020-2024 [Internet]. México: CNEGSR; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/644374/PAE_SSR_24_5_21.pdf
Page MJ, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews [Internet]. Systematic Reviews. 2021; 10(1): 89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
Elias BL, Polancich S, Jones C, Colvin S. Evolving the PICOT method for the digital age: The PICOT-D [Internet]. J Nurs Educ. 2015; 54: 594-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20150916-09
Librado González N, Correa Solís E, Gallardo Casas CA, Torres García ME, Librado González M. Systematic review of food and nutrition programs and policies for adolescent sexual and reproductive health [Internet]. PROSPERO. 2024. Disponible en: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024623830
Shanaa A. Rayyan – intelligent systematic review [Internet]. Rayyan. Rayyan Systems; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.rayyan.ai/
Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses [Internet]. Ottawa: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2.0: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019; 366: l4898. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4898
Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both [Internet]. Ann Intern Med. 2017; 166(7): 1–8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2878
Sunitha K, Muthu G, Jesuraj Arockiasamy, Maryam Jamila S, Yuvaraj J, Shantaraman K. Multiple micronutrient deficiency among adolescent girls with normal nutritional status - Need for fortified nutritional support in rural settings of South Tamil Nadu, India [Internet]. Natl J Community Med. 2024; 15(2): 283-290. Doi: https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.150220242830
Pareek P, Thorat A, Chandrasekar C. A cross-sectional study on micronutrient adequacy and associated factors among school-going adolescent girls [Internet]. Proceedings. 2023; 9(1): 1050. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091050.
Susminis U, Hendian FI, Meliana. Nutritional adequacy in adolescent towards the menstrual cycle [Internet]. J Care. 2023; 12(3): 1-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33366/jc.v12i3.6303
Davidson SM, Dampang DP, Padjao A. Adequate nutritional intake and nutritional status with adolescent menstrual cycle [Internet]. J Indones Health Nutr. 2023; 5(3): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36590/jika.v5i3.359
Lestari CT, Kustiyah L, Khomsan A. The energy intake, nutritional status, menarche at age, and premenstrual syndrome in female adolescents [Internet]. Int J Nutr Diet. 2024; 12(1): 1-10. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(4).252-283
Thakur J, Goswami M, Roy S. Understanding menstrual characteristics from the perspective of reproductive energetics: a study on the adolescent Oraon tribal populations [Internet]. Anthropol Rev. 2020; 83(1): 45-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/anre-2020-0009
Restrepo-Mesa SL, Guzmán NC, Correa LM, Franco LD, Bergeron G. Food and nutrient intake of adolescent women in Medellín, Colombia [Internet]. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2022; 150(1): 45-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15047
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